Giving Thanks: "What Kind & Loving Hearts"

In previous posts, I have described how brothers Robert and Baker Armstrong felt obligated to help their parents and siblings who remained in Virginia. Over the family's letter-writing history, from the 1880s to the death of Baker in 1937, family members wrote notes of thanks to their benefactors. Among those early thank-yous is that of Fannie Armstrong's of October 16, 1886. That year, Robert and Baker evidently paid for sisters Fannie and Janie to take a trip to Lynchburg as well as to supply corrective lenses for Fannie's poor eyesight. ("Lynchburg's Centennial celebration was held October 12 - 15, 1886, in conjunction with the Agricultural Fair.") Fannie's letter follows:

My Dear Brothers,
Mother is writing to one of you and will give you the particulars of Janie's and my trip to Lynchburg but I want to write a few lines myself to thank you again for putting it in my power to take this trip.

We both enjoyed the trip & what we saw of the fair, but above all I was so very thankful to have something done for my eyes. I think I have hardly waked up yet to the fact that I have really had them examined and have [unreadable] to hope for their improvement.

Dr. Baker says he thinks these glasses will relieve me much but can't say that I will be entirely relieved because I have so much neuralgia. Says I must wear them constantly at least for some time. Won't I be interesting looking?

He was very pleasant & kind and only charged me $5.00 for glasses & all that seemed marvelously cheap to me and I thought perhaps for your sake he did not charge me quite as much as he would others but I do not know. He met us at the depot & had us driven to Mrs. Maree's in a nice carriage, paying expenses--would not hear to our doing it. I can hardly write at all with this ink but Mother has been using the other & I did not know either that it was much better--Would write over but for my eyes. Mother told you that Janie went with me & we came back with a little over six dollars. Don't you think that was doing well? I am going to put away $5.00 for fear that I may need more for my eyes--may find the glasses do not quite suit & may have to write to Dr. Baker about them again.  Mrs. Maree was very kind, too--so that we got along very well--

I must not write more but hope before long to be able to write you oftener & better letters--The Dr. says the glasses will try my eyes at first--& I had better not use them for teaching for a while. One of the girls will teach Charles. I must not write more--hope you can read. With much love for you both and many thanks again,
Yours lovingly
Fan

With this letter, we can probably conclude that in the photo above of Fannie and Nettie Armstrong, the two Armstrong sisters who never married, the one on the left, wearing glasses, is Fannie.

On September 18th, a month previous to Fannie's letter above, Mother (Louisa Tapscott White Armstrong) wrote a letter to Robert including extended thanks for Robert's and Baker's support of their father.:

Suppose before you receive this you will have received your Father's letter. It grieves me  that he has to call on you boys for so much money, but what can he do when he is so pressed? ....It is his hands that most of his bill have been made for, not his family except for groceries-- $25 would pay off Enoch, John, Miranda, & Adeline every month & I proposed he would get you to advance him that much so he would not have to make bills--but now this trouble comes on & you cannot do that.  If he could only sell his fruit well, he might make a little. He is more & more anxious to sell. Old Nell's neck had to be lanced on the other side, a week or so ago & he cannot use her for a long time. He has had Gibson's horse here for several weeks, but I do not know what he can do about keeping him. Poor old man. I do feel for him that he should be so worried in his old days. But we both have so much cause for thankfulness that we have such sons who are so willing to aid & comfort. May God indeed bless and keep you both.

Months later, in a letter dated April 26, 1887, Father Edward McCarty Armstrong, Sr., again thanks his sons in a letter to Baker:

Dear Baker, Your letter enclosing P.O. [unreadable] for $55 came to hand on Sunday the 24th. [F]or your prompt response to my request, you will both accept my thanks, $45 of this I have placed to your credit, $8 for photo & $2 for Charles own use to be expended by him as he pleases.

I and the family thank you for the present of dear Katie's Photo, we have not yet received it, but suppose it will come in due time. I will heed your instructions as to the [unreadable] before taking it from [the] Express Office, will reject the Picture if not satisfactory when it comes.

You dear boys, what kind & loving hearts you have, and how much you do contribute to our happiness & support. I do not know what I would have done for the last two years, but for the assistance you have [rendered?] us all. We bless the Lord for all you are, to us all.

These examples of thanks are the few of many expressed to Robert and Baker Armstrong over the years. As I have been going through the family letters, so many of which remain to be read and organized, I have encountered many such letters of thanks. One of the most moving is one written from Salem, Virginia, in 1941, by Baker's nephew, Gordon Armstrong,four years after his uncle Baker's death. (Gordon was one of the sons of Baker's half-brother William Dillon Armstrong and Margaret Glasgow Armstrong.) The letter is addressed to Baker's widow, Mary Ophelia Nugent Armstrong.

Dear Aunt Mary,
I am enclosing you check for $60.00 which is the amount of my debt to Uncle Baker. I borrowed this amount from him about nine or ten years ago.

I should not have done this, as I had no reasonable prospect of repaying him at that time; and I have regretted so much that I was unable to make payment during his lifetime.

But I am now able to make this repayment, and it gives me a great deal of pleasure to pay you. It gives me real satisfaction to do this, as I have felt badly about this matter for a long time, and wish I could have done it earlier.

I trust you have been well, and that the blessings of Providence may be yours in abundant measure.

With much love to you and your loved ones,
Affectionately,
Gordon Armstrong

Click on image for a larger view.

"Oh! I Must Make Some Money!"

Throughout the 1880s, in the letters written by the Armstrong men, there is an undercurrent of anxiety as the young men in the family try to find positions that will not only support themselves but that will provide extra money necessary for the comfort of their extended families. Robert and Baker Armstrong, sons of Edward McCarty Armstrong Senior's second family, go from their half-brothers' grocery and drugstore  in Salem, Virginia, to various posts in Baltimore and Texas--looking for the best financial deal. In one letter in 1886, Baker evidently writes his father for advice about a partnership a man in Texas is offering him. At the time, Baker is working as a druggist in the drugstore owned by George W. Norrell, Bryan, Texas. In a letter dated January 12, 1886, Edward M. Armstrong writes his oldest son [I have regularized the punctuation.]:

In reply, are you at liberty to accept the 2nd proposition of Mr. Stuarts? When Mr. Norrell agreed to meet your demands for $1000 a year, did you not place yourself under obligation to continue with him? I merely ask the question, for I do not know all that passed between you. I want you to be very careful that in advancing your own interests that you do no injustice to others.

Father Edward advises his son to look closely into the character of the man offering Baker a partnership in his business. (The type of business is not identified though the word choice suggests some kind of mercantile business--maybe another drugstore.)

Are you to have any control in the business & who buys the goods? Will your name be in the business and will you become responsible for debts? Is Mr. Stuart a Christian? Is he strictly moral? Does he drink, or gamble? Is he a high flyer or extravagant?

In a later letter, dated January 26, 1886, Mother Louisa adds her advice:

My idea is that you had "set in" for the year with Mr. N. at $1000. I feel somehow that he is a safer man than the other; that he is rather close & the other a "fast liver." Of course I do not pretend to know; but judge so from your letters. Riches take to themselves wings and fly away sometimes.

The young Armstrong men's looking out not only for their own interests but for the comfort of their relatives was to be a characteristic of their behavior throughout their adult lives. Both Robert and Baker sent money home to help their mother purchase a medicine she deemed necessary for her health and to purchase clothing for their siblings. In 1886, Baker and Robert evidently helped pay for their sister Nettie's travels to visit various family members in Virginia, a trip that Mother Louisa writes about and that Nettie herself describes in a letter to her brothers, dated Jan. 6, 1886: "You can't know how much pleasure you are giving me, in this nice trip, and I certainly am grateful to you for it." I get the feeling, from reading several of the letters, that the trip was a way of getting Nettie away from the farm, with its sad reminders of sister Katie, who had died in January of 1885.

The boys were always looking out for those members of the family who needed their help, and letters first from their older half-brother William Dillon Armstrong and another from their nephew David Gibson Armstrong, Jr., illustrate how other relatives relied on Baker and Robert. By this time, William had sold his store house and was casting about for another business. He had spent quite some time in 1885 in quest of a place to open another business, but in January, 1886, he seems to be a little desperate:

Not being able to fall upon a suitable location for business during the Summer & Autumn & tired of running around & separation from my family, I concluded to replace them under the old roof for the Winter, hoping something would develop for me by the time Winter breaks......[Later in the letter, William's desperation comes through more clearly.] I am glad to hear you & Robt are both succeeding so well, in your adopted home & trust an ever faithful and kind Providence may be over you, to bless & protect--A dark & mysterious Providence has certainly been the portion of our family during the past five years & at times I am so humiliated, I feel desperate,--But I will not write about disagreeable things--

William continues the letter by asking his brothers to inquire about the whereabouts of certain Texas boys who had attended Roanoke College and who had neglected to pay their bills at his store in Salem: "...as I am at a dead outlay just now--everything going out and nothing coming in--every dollar collected helps very much--"  William's list of Texas college boys who did not pay their bills goes back to 1878.

William ends his letter by telling his younger half-brothers that he does not want to burden them with these matters, but that he thought that since they were in Bryan, they might be able to succeed in collecting some of the money and that although he was entitled to interest, he would settle for just the principal of whatever they could get.

Baker receives another desperate letter later in the year from his nephew David Armstrong, son of David Gibson ("Bro. Gib") and Hannah Armstrong. Brother Gib's drinking has wreaked havoc in the family. William's own troubles may have been connected to Gib's problems because the two might have been in business together in Salem. In February, Baker's sister Jane alludes to William's and Gibson's difficulties: "Brother Will expected to go last week or this to Kentucky & N. C. looking for a home and some-thing to do, but we have not heard of his going out. Last week we were at Sister Hannah's [wife of David Gibson Armstrong, Sr.]. She and Hannah both look badly, Little Hannah especially and I suppose it is owing to her Father's behavior. I suppose he has been doing all right for the last week or two--have heard nothing to the contrary."

By May, William has bought a store house in Harrisonburg, Virginia, and has begun buying goods to stock the store. Mother Louisia writes Baker that William "will get a boy & train in the business. It was hard for me to part with him, I tell you."

However, Brother Gibson's family is not doing so well, for Baker receives a letter from his nephew David, dated August 12, 1886, unfolding a sad tale of missed opportunities. Evidently, Baker's friend Gus Finley wrote a letter in David's behalf, to help secure David a position at a high school. Finley had written a letter to the principal and to David but got the letters mixed up. By the time the mix-up was rectified, the position had already been filled. Then David takes up another offer from a gentleman offering him a position at his college. However, David then discovers that the college has been in some difficulties and that "it would be next to a miracle" if he "received any pay at all," for "the college is just being re-opened after 3 yrs. suspension, & the prospects are that it will again prove a failure." David, however, feels obligated to follow through with his acceptance of the position: "Having given my word to labor there, I feel in duty bound to fulfill the engagement." However, in anticipation of being without a job soon, David adds:

So Bake, if you can get that $75.00 position for me, oh, do so, by all means.... My aim is now to make money! If I ever go to the Seminary, it will be obliged to be on the fruit of my own labor. Oh! I must make some money! After consultation with a trustworthy lawyer in town, I find that, if my mother & Bros. & sisters have a roof over them by the first of Jan., they might be exceedingly thankful. My father is still drinking--getting lower into the slough of infamy & disgrace, & what I do now, must be done quickly. Anything that pays is the only question I ask in connection with a position. So far as my personal comfort & ease is concerned, I care for them not at all. Crucify the flesh is now my shibboleth--so do not hesitate to write me about a position because it may be disagreeable or contrary to the mode of life which I have been brought up. So keep your eyes open for me, Bake, & do the best you can.

And that's what Baker and Robert did--the best they could for their extended family. As letters into the twentieth century indicate, they felt this obligation all of their lives, as they became very successful in Texas. But for now, in 1886, their meager earnings are multiplied, it seems, like the miracle of the loaves and fishes.

Note on the photograph above: The young man is not identified, but the photographer is one that took photos of many of the Armstrong family. It is in the style of other photos taken during the 1880s. And there is enough family resemblance for me to conclude, very tentatively, however, that this might be a photo of one of the Armstrongs, perhaps David Gibson Armstrong's son David, Jr. The look has that same sad, contemplative look of Brother Gibson's son Edward, whom I identify in this post: "Too Many Edwards, Too Many Unidentified Faces." But no one is now alive who really knows.

Armstrong Family Resemblances

The first three of these photographs have been identified as Edward McCarty Armstrong, Sr., my husband's great-great grandfather. The resemblances between the photos are very strong, so strong that they seem indeed to be the same person.

Then who are these men who also seem to resemble Edward McCarty Armstrong, Sr? Is the first one a younger Edward McCarty Armstrong. Sr?

I suspect this last one is that of one of Edward's oldest sons, perhaps David Gibson Armstrong or William Dillon Armstrong. However, it's impossible to tell for sure because people didn't write identifying marks on the backs of these photographs.

Armstrong Letters: "If only you were here now..."

Baker White Armstrong, son of Edward McCarty and Louisa Tapscott White Armstrong, 1883

Search Google for "Eutaw Place, Baltimore, Maryland," and you will get responses that include information about the Victorian architecture of an historical area of the city. One website about Baltimore describes an area of the city that is "one of the most architecturally distinguished late nineteenth to early twentieth century neighborhoods in Baltimore City." In the future, I may research those streets as they appeared in 1883, when Baker White Armstrong (Sr.) lived there. He was twenty-four to twenty-five years old at the time, working for George B. Seal, Druggist, at the end of 1883, which we know because he received in December of that year a Christmas card from his niece Eliza, and that card was addressed to Baker's place of work. And we know the address of his place of abode because letters from family are addressed to Baker at 453 Eutaw Place, Baltimore, Maryland. Baker had family living there, his cousin William Armstrong (son of William and Susan White Armstrong). In previous years, Baker had worked at his half-brother's store, learning the trade of a druggist, and now, here he is, more or less on his own, working for a druggist in Baltimore, Maryland. And the family at "Edgewood" near Salem, Virginia, miss his presence.  We have the letters to prove it.

Here in the bulging manila folder is a letter with the heading: St. Valentine's Day, Edgewood, Feb. 14, 1883. "My Dear Sons (BW and Robt)," the letter begins, and so we know that Robert, too, is in Baltimore. It is a family letter, with an entry from each family member remaining at Edgewood, beginning with Father, Edward McCarty Armstrong, Sr..  Mother writes next, then Sallie (who must be Sarah Elizabeth Armstrong, the youngest child of Edward's first marriage to Hannah Pancake--Sallie is often a nickname for Sarah, and in later letters, "Sallie" includes S. E. A. in her signature), then Fannie, then Janie, then Biddy (which must be a nickname for Nettie, though in later letters Nettie signs her name as "Nettie), then Katie, and finally, in huge, childish, cursive letters, Charlie.

Father says:

We all miss you much, we long for your letters, which we think are few, and far between. We have been pretty much isolated since the small pox scare, and our thoughts travel to you, do write often to us. The winter has broken, & we begin to look forward to the planting, trimming, pruning, and to long for the sight of the beautiful flowers and green fields. I must stop now, & give room to others, as this is to be the family letter.  Your Affectionate Father, EM Armstrong, Sr.

Here we get an initial impression of Father's voice, affectionate and focused on the changing of the seasons as those seasons affect the production of the farm. Then Mother, Louisa Tapscott Armstrong, writes:

My Dear Boys,
Kate received Robt's letter to-day & we were glad to hear from you. Think much of & wish often for you. Baker, as you have no business to attend to, you ought to write twice a week to us. Let us hear about the situation talked about with Canby, Gilpin & Co.. We are still quietly moving along at Edgewood, except the bustling about the cooking, house cleaning &c. If you were here now, we could give you nice bread, good butter & fresh eggs. The weather has been so mild and spring like, that my thoughts are beginning to turn towards my flower bed. None of us have been to town yet. No new cases of small pox in town. The Beemers have come home; but we steer clear of them. Will write again soon. Tell Sister I will write to her very soon. Take care of yourselves in every way. Your devoted Mother.

Again and again, as the years pass, Mother Louisa scolds Baker to write more often. She provides news of home as well as advice. In letters written later that year to Baker, Louisa asks Baker to gather flower seeds for her in a garden near where he lives.

Sister "Sallie," most likely Sarah Elizabeth Armstrong, the youngest child from Edward's first marriage to Hannah Pancake, writes next in the family letter. Sallie's writing has a breezy tone that shows up again in later letters, which are full of details of the household and the community. In this letter of Valentine's Day, 1883, she writes of Charles' taking her on a ride to "the top of the hill in front of the Tobacco House, from which he showed me Salem, and he entertained me far better than any of Salem's beaux (that I know)." Fannie, the oldest child of Edward and Louisa, describes the activities "going on inside the mansion today"--the ironing and butter churning, the short rides, the lessons (Charles "does not do full duty in that respect since his vaccination"), the dish-washing and bread-making.

Janie describes the dressing that she has to put on her injured arm (but no details as to how or why it is injured) and then provides a lively narrative  of her and "Sister's" attempt at plucking a chicken:

Well, I must tell you about Sister's & my experience in picking & dressing a chicken & Turkey. The day after Milly left (one of the servants) Ma wanted chicken so sister & I undertook the picking of it etc & you may imagine what a new thing it was to us but it was nice when it was finished. Week before last we undertook a Turkey & I wish you could have seen it. Pa killed it & in picking it we pulled about half of the skin off  & nearly pulled its legs off & tore it so badly that we had to take a needle and thread & sew it up before basting it but it tasted good too. Mrs. Goodwin was down the day we roasted it & she was very much amused when she saw it & offered to come down & help us in any way she could.

Nettie writes that she has just come from the ironing and is afraid her imagination will be heated. Then she tells this story:

Pa heard the other day that Mr. Lindsay had died of the small pox and we were all expressing our sorrow for Miss Lindsay when lo and behold! a letter came to Mr. Elliot from Mr. Lindsay himself, saying they all "had their health" mighty well--so much for small pox reports!

Katie and Charles, the two youngest, are the last to write. Katie tells Baker that he will be glad that she has been "using [his] Shakespeare" and that she has read Macbeth and will "commence Hamlet tomorrow." She also provides the first hint for us of bigger troubles in the family. In a letter to his father, James Armstrong, a son from Edward's first marriage, had described how he was not regaining his strength, that he could not stand any excitement, and that he might have to give up preaching for a while. If he doesn't get better, Katie tells Baker, James (and Agnes, his wife) will be staying with them during the summer. Later letters to Baker indicate that this is what occurred. "Jimmie" returns to Edgewood with Agnes and continues to worsen, with only a good day or two when he takes a short ride into town with brother William. By the end of that summer, he has died, leaving a pregnant widow. (His son, James, is born in October.)

Finally, the letter ends in the large handwriting of Charles, who is ten years old. (He celebrates his eleventh birthday that year on June 2nd). Charles tells Baker that he has been out riding; that after neglecting to check his traps for three or four days, he found  a dead rabbit in one; that small pox is going around town; and that his "vaccination took splendidly."

This family letter serves as a template for many of the letters that follow in the year 1883--and even beyond: descriptions of "the doings" at home for the benefit of the loved one living in a distant city; the details of illnesses, diseases, and deaths that seem to occur with great regularity; the gossip about local families; the descriptions of seasons and the crops that never seem to produce as much as expected; the nagging for more letters and the worry that the absence of those letters means the loved one may be ill, perhaps seriously; the advice of parents who are very religious and fear that their sons might be tempted by "worldliness."

And so, the year 1883: Baker White Armstrong is living in Baltimore, Maryland, working for a druggist but continuing to cast about for more lucrative business. Robert is there for a while but then returns home and works in Salem or Roanoke. Charles Magill Armstrong celebrates his 11th birthday with his nephew Glasgow (son of his much older half-brother William Dillon and Margaret Glasgow Armstrong). Edward McCarty Armstrong and Louisa Tapscott White Armstrong celebrate their 27th wedding anniversary (October 23, 1883: "We have had our trials" she writes her son Baker, "but how many mercies."). Rains delay the wheat planting; drought prevents the seed from sprouting quickly. Scarlet fever rages through Salem, and "the people are much scared up about it." The family manages to get new servants: "Pokey Price, in the house, & Adeline Man a cook, milker & general maid of all work." Jimmie (James Armstrong, youngest son of Edward McCarty Armstrong and Hannah Pancake) dies.

Just before Christmas, Edward writes a letter to his son Baker strongly advising him not to drink. He asks Baker to take a pledge:

You ask me to state exactly what pledge I wish you to renew, To abstain from drinking wine or spirits or fermented Liquor for 5 years more. [Letters from  years beyond 1883 reveal that David Gibson Armstrong drank too much, and the family was distressed by his subsequent troubles.]

The family is disappointed that Baker does not come home for Christmas.

"I could not help thinking of you all day": The Beginning of the Armstrong letters

Here in a bulging manila folder on my desk are 95 or 96 letters written by various members of Edward McCarty Armstrong's family, from 1878-1889. Most of these letters are addressed to Baker White Armstrong, Sr., my husband's and sister-in-law's great-grandfather, although a few are addressed to Baker's brother Robert and a couple are addressed to both young men. For young men they were then. Baker was born in 1858, and his brother shortly thereafter, so these letters span their twenties and thirties when they were trying to find their way in the world. Baker and Robert were sons of Edward and his second wife Louisa Tapscott White, a marriage that produced seven children, three boys and four daughters: Fannie, Baker, Robert, Jane, Nettie, Kate, and Charles. And the letters reveal how much these family members depended upon one another as well as the great affection they all had for one another. The children from the first marriage are often mentioned as well, for when Louisa married the widowed Edward, the children of Edward and Hannah Pancake were all under twenty years of age, and the youngest daughter of that first marriage was still at home in 1878, at "Edgewood," the farm Edward had purchased after the Civil War.

One history of Romney, West Virginia, where Edward McCarty Armstrong had lived more prosperously before the Civil War, describes the life of Edward after the Civil War as one lived in "genteel poverty." The letters reveal the details of that poverty while the writers of the letters struggled to maintain the gentility of a more prosperous time. The family increasingly turned to Baker and Robert to help out monetarily. The two boys went out into the world seeking employment beyond their older half-brothers' mercantile and drug businesses, to Baltimore, Maryland; Roanoke and Salem, Virginia; and, finally, to Texas. During that time the Armstrong family was to suffer one sorrowful blow after another, all shared in letters from "Edgewood," from the "affectionate" father and the "loving" mother.

Edward generally closed his letters to his sons with Yours Affty [Affectionately], EM Armstrong, Sr, or Your Affectionate Father, EM Armstrong, Sr. Louisa always closed hers with your loving Mother. However, in the first letter Edward wrote Baker and Robert after their mother's death, Edward closed with Your loving Father, as if he had taken on something of his wife's spirit in her passing.  Here, however, we will begin with two letters that Louisa wrote on July 30th  and July 31st, 1878. Because the letters are separated from their mailing envelopes, I cannot tell where the letters originated, but Louisa is evidently not at home. The first letter is addressed to Baker and has what looks like "R. B. S. Springs" written at the top of the first page. It seems that Louisa is there, away from home, perhaps at a hot springs to recuperate from an illness. With her are at least two of her children, Fannie, the oldest, and Charles, the youngest.

My Dear Baker
We received your interesting letter by your Pa & were quite entertained. We look regularly every night for news from home & I find that we have used nearly all our papers & stamps. This certainly is no place for me to come for pleasure; but I feel better and stronger and I do sincerely hope I may be much more benefitted. I am so tired [of] moping about. We have made some acquaintances here; but the people you meet here are very different from those I admire. It has been raining here a good deal for several days; but I enjoy that kind of weather more than the bright hot suns (sic). We are looking for you and Jane on Thursday; but as you have to return that night, be sure to start very early. Get your Pa or the Dr. to let you off.

The letter continues with instructions about what clothes Jane is to wear on the trip and about what Louisa wants her son to bring with him for Fanny. In addition, she relays messages that Charles wants to give to his older brother. At the end of the letter she mentions that the ride takes three hours, so perhaps  someone who wanted to do the geographical research could make some educated guesses as to where Louisa was staying at the time. The letter also suggests that Baker was working at the time for "the Dr.," probably a druggist at his older, half- brother's store.


The letter that Louisa writes her husband the next day is a bit more worried, as these excerpts reveal:

My Dear Husband
I hope you reached home safely on yesterday and did not get wet. We missed you so, and especially after supper; we did not have you to chat with us, as we sat on the porch. I could not help thinking of you all day and troubled to see you so much depressed. It seems to me you are more so, than when I left home. Do throw off of your mind as much as possible those worrying matters and cheer up.

That there was something troubling the family is suggested in the following lines, where Louisa refers to "Jimmie," that is, James Armstrong, one of Edward's older sons by his first wife, Hannah:

I feel about as usual today. I think I will write to Jimmie this week. I am afraid I might say something I ought not.

Later we will learn much more about the sorrows and joys of the family of Edward McCarty Armstrong, Sr., and Louisa Tapscott White Armstrong, who are represented in the photographs at the top of this post. Handwriting that is most likely their granddaughter's,  that of Baker's oldest daughter, Katharine Armstrong, appears on the back of these photographs, identifying the images as "Grandfather Armstrong" and "Grandmother Armstrong." A stamp and handwriting on Edward's photo indicates that it was taken on April 13, 1866. For a better view, click on the photos.

The Armstrongs and The Civil War

Buried in the large number of family photos from several generations of Armstrongs, Nugents, Lewises, and Cooks are a couple of photos from the Civil War. These photos remind us of the bloody conflict that took place here on American soil, in the fertile valleys, on the streets of frontier towns, on farmland, in the yards of folks, once neighbors and kinfolks, now on opposite sides of battle. Because my first goal is to organize and communicate what information we have here in our own family records, I have not researched how the Civil War affected the Armstrongs. At the time, Edward McCarty Armstrong and his family were living in what was to become West Virginia, a strong Unionist part of Virginia. Most of the slave-owning plantations were in eastern Virginia, and there was a long history of political differences between these two parts of the state. However, just a little online research reveals that Edward McCarty Armstrong was a delegate to the Virginia Secession Convention, and as a delegate, he voted against secession. However, when the secessionists won later, he supported the Confederacy and eventually moved his family from New Creek (later to be named Keyser, West Virginia) to Salem. Edward McCarty Armstrong's home was later sold to the "Davis brothers of Piedmont" and thereafter the home was known as the Davis Mansion.  The Armstrong Mansion, home of William Armstrong, Edward's father, was located on the site where Keyser High School now stands. The two photos we have of Union soldiers camped in Keyser are near those Armstrong homes. Click on each image for a better view.

This first photo is of the Union Army encamped in the area then known as New Creek and now known as Keyser, West Virginia.  On the back of the photograph is stamped in ink: COYD YOST, Photographer, KEYSER, WEST VA. And in handwriting (Mimi's or Katharine's): Occupation by Union Soldiers, Civil War, Birthplace of Papa. And in my sister-in-law's handwriting: taken from the home of Louisa White and Edward M. Armstrong. Those latest notations would have been made at the direction of my mother-in-law, daughter of Katharine Nugent Armstrong Robb, in 1987.

Just this week, I found among the family papers a letter written to Mary Ophelia Nugent Armstrong (Mimi), from J. C. Sanders, Superintendent of Keyser Public School. The letter is dated February 27, 1929. At the beginning of the letter, Superintendent Sanders describes the picture of the home below. Then he describes what very well might be the original of the photo above:

Today a high school pupil brought to me another picture of Keyser taken in 1865. This is the picture I mentioned in my other letter. This shows all the land now occupied by the city of Keyser to be occupied by tents of soldiers and the old army fort on the hill now occupied by the Potomac State College. In the back-ground of this picture is shown in a very prominent way the old Davis mansion and almost hidden by a tree may be seen to the left the slave quarters. A photographer here tells me that he is under the impression that he has a negative of this picture and if so a copy from it would cost but a dollar or two. He is looking it up. This picture is an heir-loom and cannot be secured. It bears the inscription: "Photographed in 1865 by G. W. Parsons, 22' Penn. Reg. & Mulligan's Battery. I will be glad to have these copied for you if you desire.

 

In the same letter dated February 27, 1929, Superintendent Sanders writes:

Since writing you the other day Mrs. W. E. Woolfe (sic), the niece of Col. T. B. Davis, has sent me a photograph of the old Armstrong or Davis Mansion house taken in 1863. On the back of the picture is the name of her father Mr. Buxton with the note that it was taken during the late war 1863. It is a 5 X 8 picture that shows beside the house the barricks (sic) of the soldiers in the west end of the town. It was evidently taken while the house was occupied by the Union soldiers because in the yard at the side of the house is shown in the picture two officers (sic) tents. While I have not looked up the records, I am told that Col. Armstrong was a southern sympathizer and this property was taken from him and used by the Union Army and was occupied by an Ohio regiment known and (sic) the Ohio bucktails, named such because they wore squirrel tails on their soldier caps. When the house was torn down several years ago I saw the names of many soldiers from all parts of the West written and carved in the old cupola. Mrs. Wolfe will not part with this picture but will loan it for copies and I have consulted a photographer and he will charge $2.75 to make a negative and about $1 apiece for pictures taken from it. If you would like a picture copied I will be glad to have him do this for you.

From the Nugent-Cook side of the family, we have Civil War discharge papers, among others,  for Edwin Oscar Cook, Sr., but I have not found any such papers (yet) for the Armstrong side of the family.

Finally, although the following picture is not directly related to the Civil War, I include it here because it seems to belong to this post that describes homes of ancestors. On the back of this old photo are inscriptions in two hands, and here I can probably finally decide that the large print handwriting on many of these photographs is that of Mary Ophelia Nugent Armstrong rather than that of her sister, Katharine Armstrong Robb. First, there is this faded note written with pencil, in cursive: Given to Mary Nugent Armstrong, Mother's Home in Romney, W. Va., N. T. A. My guess is that "N. T. A." is Nettie Tapscott Armstrong. Then, in Mimi's large, round, print: Grandfather White's home, Romney, W. Va.--Our grandmother, Louisa White, Papa's mother's home. (Papa's and Baker's name) Baker White Armstrong. And one small addition, in what might be my husband's print: Louisa White is Baker White Armstrong, Sr's Mother.

Hannah Angeline Armstrong: A Few Words Tell a Tale

Among the Armstrong family papers is a 16-page memorial to Mrs. Hannah A. (Pancake) Armstrong, first wife of Edward McCarty Armstrong, Sr.. The memorial includes songs sung at the funeral as well as a long sermon, with just one page and another paragraph devoted to the woman herself. The husband's obituary informs us that the two married in Cumberland, Maryland, on September 3, 1837. The Armstrong family tree indicates that Hannah and Edward had seven children, but this funeral publication mentions eight children, "seven of whom survived her." At first, I thought that there must be some mistake in the printing. Then I located online a list of grave markers for Indian Mound Cemetery in Romney, West Virginia. Among the list were numerous Armstrongs related to the family in which Hannah married:

• Baker W. Armstrong: born Feb 4, 1842; died Aug 25, 1861-- "at Winchester, VA" "Aged 19 yrs 6 mos" "Our young soldier sleeps well".
• Chichester Tapscott Armstrong: born mar 12, 1846; died Sep 1, 1850; "Son of Wm. J. & Susan C. Armstrong".
• Elenor Baxter Armstrong: died Sep 15, 1826; "Wife of David Armstrong".
• David A. Armstrong: died Apr 29, 1838.
• Elizabeth Armstrong: died Jul 4, 1843; "Sacred to the memory of Mrs. Elizabeth Armstrong who departed this life on the evening of 4th of July 1843, aged 57 years. The deceased was for many years of the Presbyterian Church & a Christian o f the purest & noblest character. Her death bed scene was one which can never be forgotten; so solemn, so careful, so sublime; it seemed as if the Chamber of her death was none other than the gate of Heaven; as a wife, a mother, a member of the Church of Christ, a neighbor & Friend she had no superior. This monument is erected to her memory by those who morn her & know how to appreciate her Virtues".
• Fannie Jane Armstrong: born Mar 22, 1848; died Sep 30, 1857; "Dau. of Wm. J. & Susan C. Armstrong".
• Hannah Angeline Armstrong: bor Feb 26, 1819; died Aug 3, 1854 "in the faith of the gospel".
• infant Armstrong: died Jul 21, 1854; "Daughter of E.M. & H.A. Armstrong".
• Louisa Tapscott Armstrong: born Feb 2, 1837; died Jul 7, 1841; "Dau. of Wm. J. & Susan C. Armstrong"
• Sarah Elizabeth Armstrong: born Oct 24, 1851 "in Romney": died May 13, 1932 "in Danville, VA" "Daughter of Edward McCarty Armstrong & Hannah Angeline Pancake".
• William Armstrong: born Dec 22, 1782 "in Lisburn, Ireland"; died May 10, 1865 "in Hampshire County, West Virginia".
• William James Armstrong: born Jun 28, 1813; died Jun 19, 1847; "Aged 33 yrs 11 mos 22 days" "Son of Wm. & Elizabeth Armstrong".

A quick reader will note the information from those markers close together in the Indian Mound Cemetery: Hannah Angeline Armstrong, who died on Aug. 3, 1854, and the infant daughter of Hannah and Edward, born on July 21, 1854. What do those dates tell us? That the infant was interred without being named, and thus was probably stillborn. That complications from the birth perhaps caused the death of the mother. These are guesses, but educated guesses. From these guesses, we have a tale: a family doubly bereaved. This thirty-five year old mother left behind seven living children, all of whom had to be under seventeen years of age. Two years later, Edward McCarty Armstrong was to marry Louisa Tapscott White, from whose union seven more children were produced, including Baker White Armstrong, Sr., my husband's great-grandfather.

There are other stories here; tease them out by looking at the information from the markers. But for now, we remember Hannah Angeline, dead at thirty-five years of age.

Click on the images for a readable view.

The Armstrongs and Nugents: Through the Mists of Time

I have now introduced my husband's great-grandfather, Baker White Armstrong, Sr., who left Virginia for Texas in the 1880s, his wife, Mary Ophelia Nugent Armstrong (Sr.), and the four children. We are going to leave those Armstrongs in the early 1900s for a while and wander through the misty past, to where these ancestors first stepped foot onto the shores of America. At the left of this post is a photo of a man identified as Edward McCarty Armstrong, Sr. So many of the family photographs have no identifying marks beyond the photographer and the city in which the photograph was taken. In the few months before her untimely death, caused by cancer, my husband's mother, Mary Nugent Robb Greene, directed her daughter and me in identifying some of the people in the photographs. The handwriting on the back of this photograph is in a script I recognize from the family letters of the late-1800s, someone who would know best how to identify this particular person.

And so we have here at the upper left, I am rather sure, Baker's father,  Edward McCarty Armstrong, Sr.. At the upper right is Perry Nugent, the father of Mary Ophelia Nugent Armstrong and father-in-law of Baker White Armstrong. Anchor these two men here, in the Old South--before Baker left for Texas. They were men whose fathers had arrived from another country, and who, within a generation, found themselves firmly woven into the fabric of their new home. Edward McCarty Armstrong's father, William Armstrong, came with his family from Ireland when he was a boy of about ten years old, around 1790. [More in another post on father and son] Perry Nugent's father, John Pratt Nugent, emigrated from Ireland in 1792. Both the Nugents and the Armstrongs prospered (though Perry suffered financial setbacks late in life), and the families became united in the marriage of their son and daughter, Baker White Armstrong (Sr.) and Mary Ophelia Nugent. I will turn my attention to the Nugents later. For a while we will walk with the Armstrongs.

Here is an obituary for Edward McCarty Armstrong, Sr.. Click on the image to read the print.

Additional Note added 22 October 2009: Edward McCarty Armstrong is mentioned several times on a West Virginia Genealogy page. Although undocumented information on the Internet should be treated with extreme caution, the information contained there matches with what I have read in the letters that Edward McCarty Armstrong and his wife Louisa wrote to their sons Baker and Robert Armstrong during the 1880s. Edward Armstrong was looking for someone to buy his farm near Salem, Virginia, and evidently the boys weren't thrilled with the idea. But in a letter dated December 10, 1885, Louisa cautions her son Baker not to complain to his father about the possibility:

You urge your Father not to sell his farm. Do not urge him too much, for if you could see things as Robt [Robert] did last winter; you might think differently. I believe the health of my girls will all be broken down, if they have to live here much longer. It is true God can take or give health & life anywhere but looking from a human standpoint I fear it. Then your Father never can make money here, but I fear sinks it. Do not tell him I say this--he thinks differently. But we trust God will do what is best for us every way. It does not look much like it; but I try to do so & leave it with Him. But after my Katie (who was thought so strong & well) was taken so suddenly, my fears are always on the alert.

According to the West Virginia Genealogy page:

Col. Edward McCarty ARMSTRONG was the largest land owner & most prominent businessman at New Creek Station in 1858. He was elected delegate from Hampshire Co to the VA convention held at Richmond 2-12-1861, which was to consider Va's secession from the Union. Mr. Armstrong voted against the Ordinance of Secession; however, his first loyalty was to his state, he therefore wholeheartedly supported the Confederacy. He joined the Confederate army & went into eastern VA. His store was taken over by Col. James H. DAYTON, who became postmaster here on 4-28-1862.

When Edward M. Armstrong (Sr.) returned after the war, he sold his land and moved to Salem, Virginia:

As for Edward MCCARTY, he went from New Creek to Salem VA. He expected the Norfolk & Western RR to install yards, shops and a roundhouse there. Relying on this, he bought much land there in Salem. The RR did not build at Salem. The colonel spent the rest of his life in "genteel poverty" in Salem.

Indeed, as I will share from some of the family letters later, there is much talk of money. Edward McCarty Armstrong's sons, Baker and Robert were later to go to Texas, where they prospered. Before their prosperity, however, and while they were still single, they were able to send money back home to Virginia in response to the needs of their family. In fact, much later family letters indicate that Baker continued to support various members of his family in times of trouble. I have come across letters from the sisters who never married thanking Baker for his generosity.  But that's for later. Now, we're still in the 1800s--walking with the Armstrongs.